Table 1

General characteristics of the included studies

First author and yearType of publicationGeographical areaSetting—type of professionalism
Abdi,36 2022Opinion pieceGenericHealthcare directorate
Aboramadan,23 2021Cross-sectional studyPalestineHealthcare directorate
Azar,53 2021CommentaryGenericNurse
Bavel,39 2020Narrative reviewGenericPublic health management
Bourgeault,60 2020CommentaryGenericPublic health management
Burkle,56 2020Narrative reviewWorldPublic health management
Crayne,32 2021CommentaryGenericPublic health management
Czabanowska,35 2021ReportGlobal studyPublic health management
Dirani,59 2020CommentaryGenericPublic health management
Finset,31 2020EditorialUSAPublic health management
Forster,63 2021Ecological studyWorldPublic health management
Freudenberg,29 2022Opinion pieceGenericPhysician
Gao,55 2021Narrative reviewChinaPublic health management
Harrington,54 2021Opinion pieceGenericNurse
Hartney,22 2021Qualitative studyCanadaHealthcare directorate
Hauck,26 2021Cross-sectional studyUSAHealthcare directorate
Hertelendy,34 2021CommentaryUSAHealthcare directorate
Hølge-Hazelton,51 2021Qualitative studyDenmarkNurse
Hølge-Hazelton,51 2021Cross-sectional studyDenmarkHealthcare directorate
Iserson,58 2020EditorialUSAPublic health management
Jain,522020CommentaryUSAPublic health management
Jaworska,40 2021Qualitative studyGermanyPublic health management
Kapucu,45 2021CommentaryUSAPublic health management
Latemore, 30 2020Opinion pieceGenericPublic health management
Laur,50 2021Case studyCanadaHealthcare directorate
MacKay,61 2021Systematic reviewGenericPublic health management
Sevy Majers,62 2020Case studyUSANurse
Mayer,49 2021CommentaryUSAPublic health management
McGuire,20 2020Qualitative studyNew ZealandPublic health management
Editors of the NEJM,48 2020EditorialUSAPublic health management
Raderstorf,27 2020EditorialGenericHealthcare directorate
Rigby,25 2021Ecological studyWorldHealthcare directorate
Sanders,28 2021CommentaryUSAPhysician
Santra,19 2021Qualitative studyIndiaPhysician
Sazzad,47 2021Systematic reviewAsiaPublic health management
Scott,44 2021Opinion pieceGenericPublic health management
Seijts,24 2021Cross-sectional studyCanadaPublic health management
Sriharan,38 2021Systematic reviewGenericPublic health management
Strudsholm,42 2021Cross-sectional studyCanadaPublic health management
Taylor,37 2020CommentaryUSAPhysician
Wagstaff,21 2020Qualitative studyChilePublic health management
Wicker,33 2021Opinion pieceGenericPublic health management
Wymer,46 2021Narrative reviewUSANurse
Xu,57 2021Cross-sectional studyChinaPublic health management
Yule,43 2020Opinion pieceUSAPhysician

  • NEJM, New England Journal of Medicine.